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Scientists have long been puzzled by the mass of the proton, a key component of atoms. Recent research led by Yi-Bo Yang of Michigan State University delved into this mystery. They used quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to break down the proton’s mass into four components.  These include the mass of its constituent quarks, but surprisingly, even […]

Dark matter is a mysterious substance that fills the universe. Even though we can’t see it, we know it’s there because of its gravitational pull on stars and galaxies.  It makes up about 27% of the universe’s mass. Dark matter behaves differently from regular matter, and scientists are still trying to figure out exactly what

The heaviest element known is oganesson (Og), with an atomic number of 118. Oganesson is classified as a transuranium element, meaning it has an atomic number higher than uranium (92) and is exclusively synthetic, not occurring naturally on Earth.  Moreover, it belongs to the actinide series of the periodic table, which includes elements from actinium

Sodium is a green lithium alternative due to its abundance, reducing supply chains and costs. Compared to lithium, which is relatively scarce, sodium is much more plentiful, being about 1000 times more abundant.  This abundance could alleviate concerns about resource scarcity and mining impact. Sodium-ion batteries also offer advantages such as high power output, fast

NASA employs Python due to its versatility and simplicity. Python’s straightforward syntax and readability make it accessible to scientists and engineers across various disciplines.  It offers a rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks tailored for tasks like data analysis, scientific computing, and artificial intelligence, essential for missions. Python’s open-source nature eliminates licensing fees, enabling cost-effective

Deciding between Go (Golang) and Rust depends on what you need for your project and what you prefer as a developer. Go is great for its simplicity and easy learning curve, making it perfect for building server-side apps, microservices, and web APIs quickly. It handles concurrency well and manages memory efficiently with garbage collection.  On

Rust was invented by Graydon Hoare, an engineer at Mozilla Research. He began working on Rust as a personal project in 2006 and received official sponsorship from Mozilla in 2009.  The language was developed to address common issues faced by programmers working with C and C++, such as manual memory management and concurrency challenges.  It’s

Total joint replacement surgeries, like knee or hip replacements, typically require a recovery period of about three months. These surgeries involve replacing damaged joints with artificial ones to alleviate pain and improve mobility.  During this recovery time, patients undergo physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the replaced joint. Additionally, spinal fusion surgeries, major

Some surgeries, like Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) for abdominal cancers or aortic aneurysm repair, can last for 10 hours or more due to their complexity. HIPEC involves removing tumors from the abdomen and bathing them in heated chemotherapy to target the remaining cancer cells.  Moreover, aortic aneurysm repair is a delicate procedure aimed at fixing

The University of Glasgow has a reputable physics department with a long history of scientific contributions. Their physics program offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, covering various areas such as astrophysics, particle physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum mechanics.  The university is known for its strong research focus, and students have access to